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Personal coaches are a hot commodity among executives these days. But what is the coach, exactly? Strategic advisor? Psychoanalyst? Fashion accessory?
This article outlines a coaching paradigm derived from constructive-developmental psychology, family therapy supervision, and theories of organizational cognition. The paradigm is one of transformative, developmental coaching, and thus it differs from both cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic approaches. The paradigm is exemplified by a...
Executive coaching requires the ability on the part of the coach to differentiate coaching from psychotherapy while using basic psychological skills and insights. It is usually short term and issue focused. At high executive levels, its success depends heavily on the consultant's knowledge about contemporary management and political issue...
A review of the literature on coaching reveals that very little empirical research has focused on the executive coaching methods used by consultants with managers and leaders in organizations. Within the framework of a 17-dimensional model of systems and psychodynamic theory, the author provides an overview of a conceptual approach to coa...
The concept of “manager as coach” is increasingly popular in the management literature as a mechanism for improving employee involvement and performance. This paper summarizes a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a “coaching skills” program for sales managers. The program began with a five–day coaching skills course and was followed b...
Presents a systems-oriented approach to the leadership development of top-level executives. A structured program is described that is designed to have a positive impact at the organizational level through focused work with the individual client. Leadership effectiveness is seen as strongly influenced by the individual's past, personal lif...
Although psychologists know a great deal about leadership, persons who make decisions about real leaders seem largely to ignore their accumulated wisdom. In an effort to make past research more accessible, interpretable, and relevant to decision makers, this article defines leadership and then answers 9 questions that routinely come up wh...
This article explores three major problems often encountered by consultants who are engaged to coach executives and who confront difficulties related to the character of their clients: executive character as a complex adaptive system that influences the unconscious aspects of organizational life, unconscious psychological conflict as a ke...
Increasingly, corporations are finding that conventional change management consultants are incapable of dealing constructively with the larger psychological issues that underpin successful change and ultimately impact the bottom line. As a consequence, more and more business executives are coming to rely upon the services of consultant ps...
Upon finishing this book, you will have the skills to find out how to assess coaching needs, discover the six tools essential to coaching success, understand the roles of a coach, and learn how to supply the right advice and support. Today's business environment is requiring managers to act more as coaches than "bosses." They must motivat...
Outlines the 5 research-based strategies that guide one-on-one coaching by a management consulting firm: forge a partnership, inspire commitment, grow skills, promote persistence, and shape the environment. The case study of a typical targeted coaching participant (a female executive who sought to develop stronger relationships with inter...
Focuses on several guidelines on how to perform an effective real-time coaching on a manager's performance. Asking the managers to submit a short list of goals for the session; Briefing of all the employees on how the process will work; Meeting with the manager before the start of the work day.
Presents a model of executive coaching based on the organizational requirements that shape the leadership factors to be considered in the coaching process. Consultants must clearly shape their coaching to reflect these dimensions if they are to be effective in helping to increase the effectiveness of their individual clients. Consulting i...
Describes a systems-based approach to executive coaching that attempts to maximize the consideration of contextual factors. The case study of a 44-yr-old male executive illustrates this approach. The author notes that perhaps the greatest danger in coaching individuals from organizations in which there is no ongoing consulting relationshi...
This study explores the transformative effects of coaching on executives-on how they construe their mission, use their formal status, approach their tasks, and set goals, based on their developmentally grounded relationship to work. It examines the developmental preconditions of benefitting from a coaching relationship, and the dependency...
The author suggests the use of Arnold A. Lazarus's multimodal therapy model as an integrative and holistic approach to executive coaching. So as not to overlook any significant factors, the coach evaluates the executive on seven dimensions. The eclectic-oriented practitioner is encouraged to use a variety of interventions and tests that u...
Seventy-two articles on executive coaching appearing in mainstream and trade management publications between 1991 and 1998 were analyzed to determine (a) general opinions of the practice of executive coaching and (b) the extent to which training in psychology was described as relevant and useful to coaching practice. A content analysis me...
Presents recommendations for effective executive coaching. Institutionalization of coaching; Executives' reluctance to confide to coaches; Convincing the executive that there is a problem if it exists; Letting executives decide how they like to get information or experience. INSETS: Advice to executives; Going right to the source.
Examines the roles of a coach and how they can facilitate an executive's growth. Coaches as partner who introduces new challenges, options and behaviors; Candidates for coaching; Qualifications of coaches; Results of good coaching.
The author would like to indicate that unfortunately, Peterson’s (1993) dissertation on executive coaching outcomes was excluded from the original literature review conducted by Kampa-Kokesch and Anderson (2001). Later, Kampa and White (2002) stated that Peterson’s (1993) dissertation was excluded due to the programmatic nature of the coa...
Despite the ubiquity of executive coaching interventions in business organizations, there is little uniformity in the practices (e.g., assessment tools, scientific or philosophical approaches, activities, goals, and outcome evaluation methods) of executive coaches. Addressing the ongoing debate about the role of psychology in executive co...
Purpose – This paper aims to employ a conceptual model to examine the relationship processes and mediating role of client‐coach relationship between client‐coach match criteria and coaching outcomes to advance the understanding of client‐coach relationship's impact on leadership coaching. Design/methodology/approach – Data collected ...
There is a lack ofconsensus among professionals regarding how to evaluate executive coaching. This paper examines seven areas that will impact the way researchers evaluate coaching effectiveness and the conclusions they draw from their studies. Clarification on these areas will guide the future ofcoaching evaluation research and practice.
This paper presents the findings of a qualitative research study into critical moments in the coaching relationship. Interviews were completed with a total of 28 experienced coaches. The research highlighted that critical moments are unforeseen and characterised by intense emotions and anxiety within the coaching relationship. These momen...
This article is an attempt to evaluate the appropriateness of the cognitive-behavioral approach for use in executive coaching engagements. The basic tenets of cognitive- behavior therapy, as well as its conceptual underpinnings, are reviewed. Following this, a discussion of how well the goals of executive coaching are met by a cognitive-b...
Leadership coaching reflects an evolving dynamic between the client and coach that is qualitatively different from most approaches to leadership development and therefore holds particular challenges for evaluation. Based on reviews of academic and practitioner literatures, this paper presents an integrated framework of coaching evaluation...
Coaching has become an important managerial instrument of support. However, there is lack of research on its effectiveness. The authors conducted a quasi-experimental study to figure out whether coaching really leads to presupposed individual goals. Sixty managers of the federal government were divided in two groups: one group followed a ...
The coaching industry has reached a key important point in its maturation. This maturation is being driven by at least three interrelated forces: (1) accumulated coaching experience; (2) the increasing entry of professionals into coaching from a wide variety of prior backgrounds; and (3) the increasing sophistication of management and ...
Executive coaching is an intervention that organizations often use to enhance managers' opportunities, develop skills, promote knowledge and reflectivity, as well as improve overall performance. An effective working relationship has been considered a necessary condition for the success of executive coaching. Thus, the present study aimed ...
Often overlooked in management theory and education, how leaders function in an intrapersonal sense—the “inner game” of leadership—is pivotal. We develop this idea in a specific application by describing how psychological wounds sensitize executives to be anxious about getting hurt again. These vigilant and unconscious concerns distort pe...
This article introduces the 3rd Consulting Psychology Journal special issue on executive coaching and briefly examines the current status of the scientific knowledge base in the field. It compares the emergence of the empirical literature on coaching to the historical pathway created by psychotherapy and hypothesizes that research on exec...
To date there have been no universally accepted criteria for what constitutes a successful outcome in executive coaching. This has been partly a function of the range of activities undertaken within the coaching medium and partly the fact that commercial realities mitigate against controlled trials teasing out mediating and moderating var...
Dysfunctional personality characteristics can derail the career of an otherwise competent executive. Personality predicts both leadership effectiveness and derailment, and assessment of these characteristics is critical for effective coaching and leader development. This paper reviews the relationship between personality and leadership an...
Currently, research supporting the validity of coaching is rising in both executive and life coaching arenas. Research has revealed that co-active life coaching (CALC), a particular style of coaching, is compatible with health-behaviour theory. However, very little information is known about co-active coaches themselves. The purpose...
This article demonstrates that executive coaching efficacy can be measured empirically. It describes the application of C. P. Alderfer's & L. D. Brown's (1972) "Empathic Organic Questionnaire" to executive coaching by summarizing a case in which it was adapted and utilized, by detailing the instrument's construction and administration, an...
This dissertation explores the developmental consciousness (DC) of a sample of certified professional coaches using Kegan's (1982) constructive developmental theory as its foundation. Kegan (1994) proposes five progressively complex stages of human consciousness and his empirical work has found most in the general population to be at the ...
Several factors termed the active ingredients have been shown to play a major role in the success of psychotherapy. These ingredients have been theoretically extended to executive coaching, but the impact of these ingredients on coaching success has not yet been tested. This study examined the effects of three active ingredients on compet...
While executive coaching continues to mushroom as a practice area, there has been little outcome research. This article presents the results of a study that explored factors influencing the choice of a coach, executives' reactions to working with a coach, the pros and cons of both internal and external coaches, the focus of executive coac...
Purpose: This contribution argues for a new way of studying executive-coaching outcome. The argument accepts that we are not likely to get rigorous data on coaching outcome from well-designed clinical trials in the near future, and assumes a degree of effectiveness that is based upon the first indications and the more rigorous studies ...
Purpose – This article aims to test the effectiveness of coaching for middle and executive level managers within a large recruiting organization. Design/methodology/approach – Participants set goals to achieve during a 12‐month coaching programme. The sample consisted of middle managers (n=30) and executive managers (n=29) involved i...
Executive coaching is a rapidly growing form of organisation development intervention, and one which is receiving increasing attention in the management and psychology literature. This study reports on the state of the practice of executive coaching in New Zealand, about which little is currently known. Fifty-nine executive coaches respon...
Objectives: Cognitive behavioural techniques have been the mainstay of psychological treatment for many psychologists in clinical practice. However, there is little known in relation to the efficacy of cognitive behavioural techniques for performance enhancement within a non-clinical setting, such as those found in organisational envir...
Little has been reported about the skills, experience and training of coaches in the Australian context, yet these are critical factors in the ethical practice of coaching. Previous research and experience suggests that formal coach training varies considerably in terms of curricula and quality. At the same time, data is emerging that ...
The general objective of this study is to examine the coaching offered by Québec school boards to new school principals during their professional integration period. More specifically, it aims to study coaches’ perceptions of: 1) the positive impacts expected from executive coaching, 2) the factors that facilitate this coaching, and 3)...
While executive coaching is a key means by which organisations and individuals build executives’ capabilities, very little research has investigated how effective or beneficial this development tool is to the individuals or the organisations in which they work. The purpose of this study was to examine executive coaching effectiveness b...
This study has three main purposes. First, it introduces the Executive Coaching Work Behaviour Survey and takes the initial steps in validating this instrument. It then explores the frequency of specific work Behaviours executive coaches use in their client interactions and examines the variability in these behaviours based on demogr...
Coaching in different forms is prevalent in many European organisations. However, individuals typically receive coaching in the traditional dyadic form. Groups are generally formed only for training. In this article, it is argued that coaching executives in groups to leverage collective experience in an experiential encounter and provi...
This qualitative study explores clients’ readiness for coaching. A grounded theory methodology is adopted and framed within an interpretivist/constructivist paradigm. The research data is generated from eighteen semi-structured face-to-face interviews and nine email interviews involving coaches, coaching clients and enquirers about coa...
The question of what encourages or discourages individuals to be coached, or not, is an interesting one. Particularly when the coaching is being funded and it has been positioned as a useful tool to aid the transition to a more senior position. In a study intended to follow 41 executives through the coaching process almost half of the ...
The paper reviews a range of existing coaching models published from 2000 to 2010 that have been widely used in the field of executive coaching, personal coaching and performance coaching. It has been found that these models provide a comprehensive template or pervasive structure of effective coaching practice. The structure covers sev...
Coaching has become accepted as a valid and effective development strategy. This acceptance has been accompanied by an emphasis on professionalising coaching, has raised the profile of coaching psychology, and has resulted in a demand for evidence-based coaching. This article suggests that a theoreticallygrounded means of evidencing co...
This paper is a more elaborate version of a speech given at the 3rd National Conference of the Special Group for Coaching Psychology in 2007. It looks at a diversity of definitions of coaching and executive coaching as well as reviews available research from a business perspective. The executive context has several unique features and ...
A review of life coaching was conducted using counselling and counselling psychology as a comparison to highlight potential risk of unethical practice due to inadequate research and a lack of industry regulation. The origins of life coaching and executive coaching are explored; along with current media interest which is argued may be i...
This paper highlights the paradox of the potential importance of the coach-client relationship to coaching outcome, with a serious lack of studies in this area. Formal research into the coach-client relationship is critical, as its confirmation as a factor instrumental in coaching outcome would have implications for coaching effectiven...
The transition into a new leadership role can be extremely challenging to navigate and is one where leadership transition coaching may benefit both the individual and the organisation. This paper reviews the literature on the nature of leadership transition coaching in the workplace. It highlights commonly reported leadership transitio...
Objectives: This study sought to identify the key behaviours used by executive coaches that were perceived by coachees to have the most favourable impact on their experience and progress. Design: The study used a semi-structured interview design within a qualitative approach. Methods: Grounded theory was employed to analyse the transcr...
This paper reviews the coaching relationship from a Cognitive Behavioural Coaching (CBC) perspective. Using empathy as one example of a key relationship component it identifies how building, establishing and maintaining an optimal coaching alliance for the specific coachee, through an explicit process of negotiation and renegotiation e...
Coaching has established itself as a key component of employee learning and development. Yet, despite the prevalence and impact of coaching in organisations, there has been a lack of theory regarding the processes through which coaching behaviours influence outcomes for coachees (i.e. motivation, performance and wellbeing). As such, i...
The author shares his experience as a coach to senior teams by way of some recommended practice guidelines. These guidelines are intended to help those who coach teams, and those interested in doing so, to think more carefully and completely about their role as facilitator and helper.
This article addresses the conceptual and methodological issues involved in measuring the business impact of executive coaching. A framework is introduced for identifying the business impacts of coaching. An application of the framework is presented using exploratory study data from 12 matched coach-coachee pairs showing varying degrees o...
In this review we will provide a brief introduction to meta-analytic studies and the meaning of ‘effect size’ used to determine the size of the impact that coaching has. We will then review the three recently published meta-analyses of coaching (Theeboom et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2015; and Sonesh et al., 2015).
This article presents a bibliological and morphological analysis of the research articles in the International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring (IJEBCM). The findings highlight the most frequently referenced journals and books and the demographic of the authors. They also determine that the articles are more likely to be a...
This article presents results of an initial, empirically based professional-practice analysis (i.e., “job analysis”) of executive/professional development coaching by psychologists. This project was initiated in 2012 by the Society of Consulting Psychology (SCP) and the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) in a coll...
Coaches sometimes make the case that executive, workplace and personal (life) coaching are substantially different coaching applications. Exploring these issues it is concluded that there are indeed considerable overlaps between the personal and the professional in relation to executive coaching in organisations. To be truly effective, ex...
As coaching’s popularity has risen as a tool in executive and organizational development, questions of effectiveness and potential outcomes arise. Through research investigating coaching effectiveness and outcomes, different studies have fulfilled different research approaches of exploration, description, and explanation. This article dis...
In this article, Fielder and Starr address the nature of the coaching contract for external coaches offering organizational and executive coaching to individual clients. They begin by reviewing salient characteristics of legal and consulting contracts then focus on coaching contracts. Subsequently, the authors examine coaching contracts f...
The authors of this article propose a new way of looking at coaching and organizational change. While coaching and change are not new, high-impact coaching is a way of looking at the roles and stages of organizational change within the context of a coaching process. High-impact coaching helps executive coaches take into account the role t...
The evaluation of the exact impact of executive coaching on both individuals and organisations is lagging behind. This has been demonstrated by the few empirical studies which link coaching to improved outcomes. This particular research project focuses on the coaching of leaders in organisations. It draws on resources from the fields of L...
The last 20 years has seen a proliferation in the practice of executive coaching despite the limited empirical research about its efficacy. This research focused on ethical issues arising in the practice of business and managerial coaching (“executive coaching”), which had not been extensively examined in coaching literature. The research...
The question for this research was: Does executive coaching impact the success of franchisees? Six volunteer franchisees participated in 3-month coaching engagements, where different coaching methods and philosophies were utilized, such as co-active, facilitative, cognitive-behavioral, leadership, and positive as well as other executive c...
This study addresses three coach behaviours’ effects (warmness behaviour (WB); stimulating action (SA) and planning and structuring activities (PSA)) in two dimensions of coaching outcomes (coachee’s performance (CP) and the quality of the coach–coachee relationship (QCCR)). The paper argues that coaching is a helpful tool to achieve grea...
This qualitative exploratory study examines how coaches experience the flow state, as defined by flow research pioneer Csikszentmihalyi. It further looks at the relationship between coaching competencies and coaches’ experience of flow. For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with experienced coaches who are certified by the In...
This thesis aims to address the principal question of whether business coaching directly or indirectly enhances firm financial performance and growth. The present thesis incorporates four comprehensive and inter-related studies designed to investigate the contribution of business coaching to firm growth in cohorts of start-up companies an...
What do we know from qualitative research in coaching and mentoring about client attributes that may be important to effectiveness?
The advent of the current stage of coaching research seeking to identify how coaching works, or the ‘active ingredients’ of coaching has taken coaching relationship research into a more prominent position. In exploring the questions of what we know about the coaching relationship and its role in coaching and coaching outcomes, and how we ...
The purpose of this paper is to show the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external executive coaching. To this end, it offers a thorough review of the literature and an exploratory study based on the Delphi method with 40 selected experts, who gave answers based on their own experience. The results indicate that the decision o...
Technology has changed the way we conduct business and interact with each other. Whether we are accomplishing tasks, completing projects, or enhancing our personal development, we are no longer confined to face-to-face encounters. Our society is becoming more and more reliant on virtual means to communicate and to conduct business. These ...
Contextual coaching is a process that emphasizes the importance of an organization’s environment or context on leadership development work. It recognizes that certain attributes in an organization’s context like strategy, the organization’s attitude towards development, prevailing leadership style or feedback quality can have dispropo...
This paper explores whether coach training or coaching experience leads to better coaching quality and quality control. In two large studies, both coaches (N1 = 2267) and personnel managers who book coaches for their company (N2 = 754) answered questions about coaching quality and quality control. The results show that more coach trai...
Limited published research has examined team coaching function processes. Through an extensive systematic literature review, this research explores team coaching knowledge and proposes a new construct by adding the Dynamic Team Leadership meta-theory (Kozlowski, Watola, Nowakowski, Kim and Botero, 2009). The concept of Dynamic Team Leader...
This paper explores whether coach training or coaching experience leads to better coaching quality and quality control. In two large studies, both coaches (N1 = 2267) and personnel managers who book coaches for their company (N2 = 754) answered questions about coaching quality and quality control. The results show that more coach training...
Due to concerns on the efficacy of formal leader development programmes such as low learning transfer back to the organisation, there has been an increasing shift towards individually owned leader development programmes within organisations. Whilst leadership coaching is one of these and is gaining in popularity, further studies are neede...
This paper examines the nature and impact of a leadership coaching program – a key component of a leader development course for the United States Air Force. To assess coaching training methods and understand participant voices, a three-phased qualitative convergent approach was used that analysed student survey data and instructor intervi...
This longitudinal qualitative study explores how social interactions between young professionals and their leadership coach develop leader identity. Examining eleven pairs of coaches and clients participating in a three-to-six-month leadership development programme, this exploratory research found five general interaction types that form ...
